Saturday 2 June 2012

Tissue Therapies Limited

Tissue Thearpies Logo
ASX:TIS

www.tissuetherapies.com

Tissue Therapies Limited: ASX:TIS Company Announcements


I was asked recently on a public forum to offer my opinion on Tissue Therapies Limited so I have copied some of my reply to begin this post.

Posted: 30/01/12
Stock Price (at time of posting): $0.355c
Sentiment: LT Buy
Disclosure: No Stock Held

I am not currently holding TIS, however from what I understand of this company to date, it certainly appears to pass my qualitative analysis test and comes in under-valued at the current level - leaving one important question remaining for any prospective new investor?

When can we expect to see a reversal in the technical down trend? I'm not a technical analyst and very rarely do I use charting for investing in biotech micro-caps so I'd prefer to leave the technical assessment to others, however many respected international market experts are predicting 2012 will see some tremendous gains across this sector, so for those interested in TIS it may certainly be wise to mark June 2012 down in your diary for the European commercial launch of VitroGro.

The advanced wound care landscape is massive and to a degree this can already be witnessed with the successful growth of major commercial players like Smith & Nephew, Systagenix and Convatec which specialise in the field, and we can also find the billion dollar generating retail giants like Johnson & Johnson and 3M who are consistantly reporting increased sales growth figures for the wound care market.

I like Tissue Therapies CEO Dr Mercer who's wealth of experience and expertise would no doubt be a valuable asset to TIS. Among other impressive credentials the good CEO held former Senior Management positions with Smith & Nephew who's business model serves as an inspiration to its competitors.

One of the more positive points to note with Tissue Therapies is the consistency of positive data returned in all studies for VitroGro, and more importantly, a strong consistency in data have been mirrored in the human clinical trials.

Some points worth highlighting imo:


* Engaging the services of world renoun wound care experts, notably Prof Keith Harding from the prestigeous Cardiff University to supervise trials - A class act.

* There are multiple target applications for VitroGro which significantly increases the value of the IP

* Great Scientific Advisory Board and very close business partnership ties with one of Australia's leading institutions in wound care at the QUT - home of VitroGro inventor, Prof Zee Upton

* The science is heavily supported with years of peer reviewed, published scientific papers

* Very strong supporting data for human trials

* Director buying last month (December) on market @ 41.5c ps

* Technology addresses a significant unmet need

* Partnerships with Quintiles and Movianto not to be underestimated - Although not a household name within Australia they are both global corporations in their own right.

* Commercial launch planned towards the end of  Q2/2012


The following abstract has been copied from a white paper authored by Michael Arlotto, who is the Senior Vice President of Corporate Development for Tissue Therapies partner, Quintiles... and his words are spot on imo...

"The biopharmaceutical industry is at a critical point of considerable change. Faced with mounting pressure to move drug candidates through the development cycle more quickly, companies are also trying to navigate the substantial risk involved in pursuing a growing portfolio of products – and the current paradigm is clearly not tenable. To successfully increase shareholder value, mitigate risk, and improve clinical execution, biopharmaceutical companies must explore alliances that meet the needs of the New Health and produce medicines that speak to the needs of the entire constellation of stakeholders. By bringing more, non-traditional parties into strategic alliances with an eye toward reimbursement realities, the industry will accelerate innovation, experience a healthier return on investment, and provide better patient outcomes – thus securing its vital role in the global healthcare ecosystem."








The New Health Alliance
Critical to any type of partnership is a clearly defined vision and a perfect alignment of objectives among partners. The primary shift in the evolving biopharma partnership, however, is that a New Health alliance must include the entire constellation of stakeholders for optimal success. Naturally, a base financial arrangement still remains between the two partners, but the development process is driven by market access realities, comparative effectiveness assessments against the current standard of care, and an improvement in real-world patient outcomes. In light of this shift, biopharma alliances must now balance the needs of all players by establishing a structure through which true innovation can be fostered. How this balance is manifested, and to what degree health outcome improvement is considered throughout development, will be the critical drivers of success.

For a New Health alliance to be realized fully, four elements must be present:

(1) Convergence among biopharma’s clinical and commercial functions,
(2) proper and effective alliance management capabilities,
(3) an alternative financial structure which shares both risk and reward, and
(4) a global network of nimble providers who can take an asset any stage, for any function, to help drive the development of a new product.

Biopharmaceutical companies are entering into a New Health landscape where the rules are changing on all fronts. With new rules, new models are needed. A new model is needed for discovery. A new model is needed for clinical research. A new model is needed for commercialization. And a new model is needed to ally with partners. Further, the conversation surrounding biopharmaceutical development has shifted. No longer just about producing and commercializing medicines, the dialogue is now about demonstrating real-world outcomes and value. To demonstrate the value of its products to the entire constellation of stakeholders, biopharma must crystallize its deal-making abilities and back into clinical trial design with more emphasis on market access and reimbursement realities.

Although not to be compared directly with VitroGro ECM as they both provide for different applications but Smith & Nephew only this month have released the new pocket Pico which introduces a new generation of negative pressure wound therapy technology.


Introducing PICO™ - An entirely new way to deliver

TIS already have a former Divisional General Manager of Smith & Nephew sitting in their corner with CEO Dr Mercer and one could almost guarantee that Dr Mercer is still in contact with some of his former  Smith & Nephew collegues... I'm sure if you take a closer look at Smith & Nephew's Advisory Board Members you may be surprised with what you find ... 
Smith & Nephew Science Advisory Board


Posted: 02/04/12
Stock Price (at time of posting): 44c
Sentiment: LT Buy
Disclosure: No Stock Held

Shire's, Dermagraft, for diabetic foot ulcers, generated sales of $105m in only six months from June 2011 to December 2011, which is not too bad considering the technology is not new, so this might present a more realistic initial 6-12 month sales target for VitroGro's introduction to the market - albeit, a rather conservative one some here will agree.

Dermagraft was originally developed by a New York company, Marrow-Tech back in the 1980's which later changed its name to Advanced Tissue Sciences and went bankrupt after pouring $100m dollars into developing the technology only to have the FDA fail to grant marketing approval to sell the product in the US. All the company's assets were sold to Smith & Nephew for a song, who later sold Dermagraft to Advanced Biohealing who in turn went on to commercialize it in the US with the FDA's blessing in 2007.

Advanced Biohealing recorded revenue of $147 million in Dermagraft sales for 2010 before being acquired last year by Irish company, Shire for $750m dollars.

Dermagraft is a transdermal patch product with a human-derived composition as apposed to VitroGro being a synthetic topical solution.

Fyi, the FDA compiled a draft assessment of 31 skin substitute products recently which concluded a low level of clinical evidence across a broad range which imo leaves a gaping hole in the market for a product like VitroGro, which is already backed by solid scientific data...

FDA efficacy assessment - Skin Substitute products - December 2011

"Only five of the 31 skin substitute products identified for this report were examined in RCTs. Results from one skin substitute cannot be extrapolated to other skin substitutes nor can results from studies of diabetic foot ulcers be extrapolated to venous leg ulcers. Therefore, the actual clinical evidence for the efficacy of skin substitutes in the treatment of chronic wounds is very limited.

In most of the included studies, treatment efficacy was judged by the number of wounds healed after 12 weeks of treatment or at some point shortly after 12 weeks. All studies defined healing as full epithelialization of the wound with no drainage. Based on this outcome the majority of studies reported significantly more healed wounds in the skin substitute patients. However, this outcome may be over stating the value of skin substitutes since half of the control therapies was simple gauze dressings. Other outcomes not directly related to wound healing such as amputation, hospitalization, return to function, and pain relief, were poorly reported.

Apligraf/Graftskin is a living cell bi-layered skin substitute derived from bovine type 1 collagen and human fibroblasts and keratinocytes derived from neonatal foreskins. Based on the percentage of wounds closed at 12 weeks, Apligraf/Graftskin was significantly better in all three studies. In the two studies of diabetic foot ulcers the control dressings were a non-adherent gauze dressing (healing rate at 12 weeks was 52% vs. 26%) and saline-moistened gauze (healing rate at 12 weeks was 56% vs. 38%). The third study compared Apligraf to an Unna boot for treated venous leg ulcers. The rate of wounds healed at 6 months was 63% for Apligraf and 49% for the Unna boot. The median time to wound closure was significantly shorter in the Apligraf group (61 days vs. 181 days).


Skin Substitutes for Treating Chronic Wounds - FDA Draft - Dec 2011

As I'm sure many long term Tissue Therapy investors can relate to, one of the risk factors associated to holding biotech stocks like TIS is that the timing factor in regards to research and development combined with the long drawn out regulatory process we must learn to endure is measured in years rather than months like the drilling campaigns of our exploration mining stocks, however the rewards offered in proportion can be significantly higher, especially in very strong areas of biomedical research where there exists a high degree of incidence in global population.

Tissue Therapies at its current MCap of $75m and CE approval for launch of VitroGro into the massive European market just around the corner is now offering a significant opportunity for investors and whilst I can understand and respect the frustrations expressed by some holders for a lack of PR activity to target the wider investment community, I do believe that management of a small company with limited resources like TIS need to remain 100% focused on the commercial enterprise for achieving its corporate goals and profit maximisation for all shareholders.

___________________________________________________________________________________


Tissue Therapies: Qualitative Analysis
abdm
Tissue Therapies Limited is an Australian company developing biomedical technologies for wound healing, tissue and various cell culture applications.
The Company has worldwide exclusive rights to commercialise VitroGro®, a platform technology developed by tissue engineering experts at the Institute for Health and Biomedical Innovation at Queensland University of Technology (QUT) for enhancing cell growth and migration. VitroGro® has particular commercial applications in wound healing, tissue regeneration, stem cell therapies and other cell culture uses.
Based on its VitroGro® platform technology, Tissue Therapies is developing more effective medical treatments for wounds and burns, integration of orthopaedic and medical implants, and other applications such as cosmeceuticals.
Tissue Therapies also provides cell culture reagents to enhance the growth of mammalian cells for emerging cell-based therapies, along with research and industrial cell culture markets internationally.



VitroGro®

VitroGro® ECM is a biomimetic scaffold that is sterile, acellular and flowable (designed to be applied to the surface of wounds).

It is an artificially created matrix protein designed from polypeptide sequences that normally provide attachment sites in healthy skin that guide cells during normal wound healing.

In chronic (non-healing) wounds, skin cells are deprived of these attachment sites because the extracellular matrix (ECM) is degraded.

VitroGro® ECM restores normal wound healing by replacing the degraded ECM with a scaffold containing the attachment sites that guide skin cell attachment, proliferation and migration (the essential processes of normal wound healing).

VitroGro® ECM is a temporary matrix that is designed to be replaced through the normal process of tissue restoration and turnover.

VitroGro® ECM consistently and conveniently restores healing in chronic ulcers that have failed to respond to current expert care.

Expert health economics modelling indicates that VitroGro® ECM offers the opportunity for substantially more cost effective treatment of wounds compared to the current standard of care.

The extra-cellular matrix is the connective tissue that surrounds and supports our cells. During wound healing the extracellular matrix acts as a scaffold within the wound providing a structure on which cells can attach and migrate in order to repair injured tissue.


VitroGro® provides a temporary scaffold on which wound cells can attach and migrate. This is important in chronic wounds where healing needs to commence from the edges of the wound. Once wound cells have adhered to a temporary VitroGro® matrix they can repair injured tissue and restore balance by producing a new extracellular matrix.


Patents





Partnerships


A university for the real world - Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation

Date: 19 July 2011

A wound-healing invention developed at the Queensland University of Technology (QUT) has produced remarkable results in an international human trial. The multi-centre study of VitroGro® found 92 per cent of the patients taking part in the trial were partially or completely healed in 12 weeks.  The average treatment time that patients' venous ulcers had not responded to expert care before VitroGro® treatment was 37 months.

VitroGro® is a liquid that is applied using a needle-less syringe and is dribbled over the wound. The protein in the liquid is extremely sticky and so very quickly adheres to the wound bed, offering a revolutionary new treatment.
The invention could prove to be a massive boost for sufferers of chronic wounds - many of them diabetic - who often have limbs amputated as a result of wounds that won't heal.

The clinical trial - led by the world-renowned Cardiff University Wound Healing Clinic in conjunction with the QUT Wound Clinic in Brisbane - evaluated VitroGro® in the treatment of venous leg ulcer patients who had not responded to compression therapy, which is the current standard of care. Out of a total of 53 patients recruited for the study, 24 patients have been evaluated so far. Eight patients' ulcers have completely healed and two have achieved more than 98 per cent healing.

The average reduction in wound size was 65 per cent, with no adverse events related to VitroGro® reported.
"We're very excited by these results as it's a new formulation, which is going to be extremely cost effective to the consumer," said Professor Zee Upton from QUT's Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation who is also the technical founder and consulting Chief Scientific Officer for Tissue Therapies Limited - a biotechnology company developing VitroGro®.

"There's nothing else like it in the market in terms of approach, outcome or cost effectiveness.
"For conditions like venous ulcers where the biology of healing is aberrant, VitroGro® provides critical adhesion for cells by forming a scaffold they can attach to and migrate upon. It creates a favourable environment for healing and this is something that has been missing from conventional wound care."

The preliminary data confirms the results of earlier Australian and Canadian human trials by showing VitroGro® restarts or accelerates healing of chronic venous ulcers that don't respond to expert care, reducing the ulcer size as well as improving wound characteristics and reducing pain.

"Patients have also reported that their pain has improved, which is important as these wounds are often quite painful and people in the trials have been living with them for years - in one case, 30 years," Professor Upton said.
"Nurses have also been impressed by the visible and consistent performance of VitroGro®, particularly the visible and quick improvement seen in challenging cases combined with ease of use and pain reduction.
Chronic wounds affect hundreds of thousands of Australians, particularly older Australians and people in Indigenous communities.

"These wounds are painful and debilitating, resulting in extreme reductions in the quality-of-life of sufferers across months, years and potentially decades.

"For many patients living with chronic non-healing wounds, amputation of an affected limb is the only option."
Professor Upton said VitroGro® was biologically inspired and was developed to emulate the way nature repaired wounds. The results position VitroGro® well for approval and planned first sales in Australia and Europe in the second quarter of 2012. Trials are also expected to commence in the United States early next year.


Media Contact: Katrina Blowers, QUT Media Officer

Ian Eckersley, QUT Media Manager
Content sourced from QUT News Web Service.


Site name

Lime Associates is the only UK consultancy firm that specialises in bringing best practice purchasing and supply chain solutions exclusively to medical and health technology companies. They get great results by working closely with clients’ teams to build long term relationships and provide sustainable benefits in terms of cost, value and customer service. Their list of clients include companies like Chester, Genzyme and Smith & Nephew



Catalent




Catalent is the leading provider of advanced technologies, and development, manufacturing, and packaging solutions for pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and consumer healthcare companies. Covering nearly 100 countries, the company applies its local market expertise and technical creativity to advance treatments, change markets, and enhance patient outcomes. Catalent employs over 9,000 at 20+ facilities worldwide.


Company

Movianto is part of the Celesio Group which is active in 27 countries worldwide, employs approximately 47,000 people and generated revenue of more than 23 billion euros in 2011

The Movianto Group is committed to being the preferred European contract logistics service provider to the pharmaceutical, biotechnology and healthcare industry. Offering outsourcing services along the supply chain such as warehousing, transportation, cold chain logistics as well as re-packaging and re-labelling, Movianto’s international clients benefit from a pan-European network, the broad range of healthcare logistics services, the know-how of the local markets and uncompromising quality standards.

Movianto Group has expanded rapidly over the last few years. More than 1,700 healthcare experts are managing over 275,000 pallet places spread over a network of wholly owned subsidiaries in 14 European countries. They provide a full range of innovative logistics and distribution services to store and deliver the goods for the pharmaceutical industry and beyond. Today the Movianto Group is represented in: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovenia, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
 Quintiles Launches Drug Development Consulting Services In Asia
Quintiles is the only fully integrated bio and pharmaceutical services provider offering clinical, commercial, consulting and capital solutions. More than 20,000 Quintiles employees in 60 countries helped develop or commercialize all of 2010’s top 50 best-selling products or compounds. This Capital brochure reviews how Quintiles helps biopharma allies maximize the value of assets, reduce risk, accelerate outcomes and increase rewards.
Download PDF

New challenges and opportunities arise almost daily in pharmaceutical marketing. And no matter the size of your organization, finding a partner to help you navigate new territory and capitalize on untapped potential is critical to long-term success.
With capabilities far surpassing those of traditional contract sales providers, Quintiles has the infrastructure, experience and experts to help you launch, nurture and extend the value of your products.

Quintiles can help you accomplish these goals and more:
With our depth and breadth of commercial experience, integrated delivery, flexible partnering model and global footprint - Quintiles can help you move your products forward, overcoming each and every challenge along the way.
Contact us about providing you with specialized commercial solutions.
Sales Solutions
We can identify ways to balance your resourcing, in single or multiple markets, as your portfolio needs adjust to your product pipeline, regulatory approvals and market fluctuations.
Clinical Educators & Nurse Advisors
As an independent intermediary, Quintiles can act as your ally in developing and implementing value-based programs for all stakeholders.
Medical Science Liaisons
MSLs from Quintiles are highly experienced Pharm.D., M.D., D.D. or Ph.D. professionals who have a deep understanding of the local healthcare environment.
Market Access Implementation
We help you identify outcome and pricing requirements to best present your product’s unique value to regulators, payers, providers and patients. Learn more.
Medical Communications
Deliver scientific communications that compel your target audiences to act.
Late Phase
Keep communication flowing throughout the product lifecycle by accessing our lifecycle safety resources.
Brand Solutions
We will work with you to truly understand your product, market, customer base and competitors, and create tailored commercial solutions which are designed to maximize your commercial success.
Patient-Centric Solutions
Quintiles provides our pharma clients with ‘real life’ outcomes, supports patient relationships with medical professionals and helps patients enjoy healthier lives through education and adherence.
Product Solutions
Comprehensive commercial solutions which harness our extensive clinical and commercial expertise & resources, tailoring them to your needs to help optimize the success of your innovative products throughout development and commercialization
Locations Worldwide
We span virtually every therapeutic area, every type of product and every key pharmaceutical market.        

Why customers choose Quintiles for commercial solutions

Identify value: Quintiles draws on experience and data in stakeholder assessment, sales and marketing, which helps us to identify outcome and pricing requirements
to demonstrate unique value. We create commercial solutions that consistently achieve quality results.

* To help support your brand’s commercial initiatives, Quintiles has developed strong relationships with key gatekeepers in local markets worldwide, including opinion leaders, physicians and patients

* To help shape your strategies, Quintiles has more than 300 medical doctors and approximately 400 PhDs on staff, working in all major therapeutic areas

Promote value: Quintiles has managed hundreds of sales teams in primary and specialty care in 30+ countries. Drawing on three decades of experience, market insights, and outcomes research, we help create the best product profiles, then plan and create multi-channel campaigns to deliver the right value messages to the right stakeholders at the right time. The results are impressive.

* We’ve helped launch 30 of the world’s top-selling drugs. We’ve helped market 21 of the top 30 best-selling oncology products in 2008 and more than half of the “breakthrough” products introduced in the last 12 years

Quintiles - navigating the new health


R&D

Clinical data from difficult-to-treat venous ulcer patients treated with VitroGro® ECM for 12 weeks show:* 34% were completely healed.
* 43% were more than 90% healed.
* 82% were improved ie. were partially or completely healed.
* Average reduction in venous ulcer area was 56%.
* Average ulcer size at the start of the trial was 7.2 cm2.
* Average time the treated ulcers had not responded to expert care prior to VitroGro® ECM treatment was 36 months.
* Average age of the patients in this study was 74 years.
* Treatment twice per week was no more effective than once per week.
* No adverse events related to VitroGro® ECM have been reported after a total of more than 750 uses of the VitroGro® ECM device.
* Expert health economics modelling indicates that VitroGro® ECM offers the opportunity for more cost effective treatment of wounds than the current standard of care.

Prof. Keith Harding Interview - 2011

Keith Harding: "I have been around this subject for nearly 30 years. I have seen a lot of new products come and go. The one thing that was impressive both from the preclinical data and the early clinical studies is that in the clinical studies particularly, there seemed to be a greater consistency of response in the patients that were exposed to this product, far more consistent than I’ve seen with other biological therapies that I personally have been involved in trialling or evidence that I have reviewed in other capacities."


Keith Harding - Interview TranscriptProfessor Keith Harding is the Director of the Wound Healing Research Unit and Professor of Rehabilitation Medicine at Cardiff University in Wales and is widely acknowledged as the foremost international researcher / clinician into wound healing, with particular emphasis on chronic wounds. He is an Advisor to the Board of Tissue Therapies and is overseeing the current EU venous ulcer human trial of VitroGro®.

Q: You must get many requests to trial or endorse new treatments. What made you take VitroGro seriously and get involved more closely with its development?

Keith Harding: "The problem with wound healing is that it has been around for many, many centuries. There have been many attempts over recent years to come up with solutions to the problem of non-healing wounds.

Unfortunately many of the early attempts at novel and new therapies for this particular problem have suffered from a lack of good basic science to underpin the product and many of those products have arrived and failed.

The one thing that I have found impressive in working with Tissue Therapies is that they seem to have commitment to understanding the science and managing the development of the product in a structured way that doesn’t go anywhere unless the science is there to support the data."


Q: So what is your perspective on the VitroGro trials?

Keith Harding: "I have been around this subject for nearly 30 years. I have seen a lot of new products come and go. The one thing that was impressive both from the preclinical data and the early clinical studies is that in the clinical studies particularly, there seemed to be a greater consistency of response in the patients that were exposed to this product, far more consistent than I’ve seen with other biological therapies that I personally have been involved in trialling or evidence that I have reviewed in other capacities."

Q: Keith, Tissue Therapies is a very small company in comparison with well known pharmaceutical giants, what will its next steps need to be if VitroGro fulfills its early promise and where do you see the company’s future?

Keith Harding: "Although Tissue Therapies is a small company compared to many of the larger players in this area, the one thing that is impressive is that Tissue Therapies seem to have a genuine interest, focus and passion in trying to provide a sound basis and evaluation of the product that they have. My hope - and I’m not a spokesperson for Tissue Therapies - is that they will continue that focus, they will continue that passion, and I would anticipate that the success of VitroGro will be significant, but I would also hope that it will be the first generation of a series of biologically based therapies that may be developed by this company as it goes forward, and I would expect that because of the complexity of the customer base that the company will have to deal with, is that they would probably be talking to major companies and developing a partnership arrangement so they will have enough bodies on the ground, enough sales staff to go out and provide the education and training for clinicians who may be seeing patients with wounds."

Prof Keith Harding - publications

CEO - Steve Mercer




Management


STEVEN MERCER :: CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
B.Med.Sc, MB, BS, FAIM, FAICD


Tissue Therapies Limited boosted its commercial progress with the appointment of Dr Steven Mercer as Chief Executive during mid September 2004.

Dr Mercer has significant medical and commercial experience, most recently as Managing Director of Mercy Tissue Engineering, a successful tissue engineering company with commercial operations in Melbourne and Singapore. He brings considerable international expertise to Tissue Therapies following a successful career with multinational companies, including six years with Smith & Nephew as General Manager, Smith & Nephew Surgical, and seven years previously as a health industry specialist with IBM.

In addition to Dr Mercer's extensive commercial experience in healthcare and biotechnology, he is a Registered Medical Practitioner (Australia and USA) and a former Surgical Registrar.

Dr Mercer provides an ideal mix of skills and commercial relationships to refine and implement the Company's strategy in commercialising biomedical technologies for wound healing and tissue and cell culture. His commercial achievements with large international companies and smaller innovative biotechnology companies provide a portfolio of skills in new product development and sales and marketing that are a major asset for the Company in achieving its commercial objectives for the VitroGro platform via licensing, distribution and sales.

Among his commercial achievements, Dr Mercer managed the commercialisation of the first Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) approved Australian human cell biotechnology laboratory, including securing the licensing of living cell implants for human use, and managing rapid growth in sales and profit derived from the facility.

Dr Mercer also successfully grew Smith & Nephew Surgical in terms of sales per employee, profit per employee and market share during his career with the company.


NIGEL JOHNSON :: OPERATIONS MANAGER
B.App.Sc (Med&AppBiotech)
Tissue Therapies added further strength to its operational capabilities during late September 2004 with the appointment of Mr Nigel Johnson.

Mr Johnson was recruited from the Australian Red Cross Blood Service (ARCBS) where he was responsible for operational and regulatory activities at the ARCBS Skin Bank. Mr Johnson is a member of the ARCBS – Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Skin Culture Research Committee, focusing on research to speed and improve recovery from burns. Among other duties, he also represented ARCBS at the Transplantation Clinical Advisory Committee (TCAC) for Queensland Health, and the TCAC Tissue Banking Sub-Committee. Mr Johnson also works within the Tissue BioRegeneration and Integration Program at QUT on research to better manage commercialisation and manufacture in tissue engineering and biological product characterisation.

Mr Johnson was previously employed by Queensland Health where he was responsible for operational and quality activities at the Queensland Bone Bank, Princess Alexandra Hospital.


ZEE UPTON :: CONSULTING CHIEF SCIENTIFIC OFFICERB.Sc (Adelaide), B.Sc. Hons (Biochemistry, Adelaide), Ph.D. (Biochemistry, Adelaide)
Professor Zee Upton is a biochemist, an inventor and a tissue engineer who is nationally and internationally renowned for her research in growth factors, extracellular matrix proteins and wound repair.


She is a Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Research Professor and Leader of the Cells & Tissue Domain within the Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, and Head of the Cell & Molecular Biosciences Discipline within the QUT Faculty of Science & Technology.


Since the award of her PhD in Biochemistry in 1994 she has developed a significant record of innovative and quality scientific research that has yielded more then $15 million in research funding from both competitive grant schemes and industry; more than 70 peer reviewed scientific publications; the establishment of new, innovative, interdisciplinary, collaborative research projects; 9 patent applications; the receipt of many awards including the 2010 ASBMB Beckman Coulter Discovery Award, the 2009 Women in Technology Biotech Outstanding Achievement Award, and the 2004 Queensland Smart State – Smart Women Award; and the establishment and listing of a biotechnology company, Tissue Therapies Ltd, on the ASX.


Most recently Professor Upton led the successful bid for $28 million of Australian Government funding to establish the Wound Management Innovation Cooperative Research Centre.


ROGER CLARKE :: CHAIRMAN
Mr Clarke has over 30 years commercial experience, principally in the investment banking industry, with responsibilities in fund management, banking and corporate finance, and involvement in a significant number of initial public offerings, capital raisings and corporate transactions.

He is Chairman of the Board of Advice of RBS Morgans and is past or present Chairman of mulitiple companies including Pipe Netwoks Ltd, MTA Insurance Ltd, Trojan Equity Ltd, Maverick Drilling and Exploration Ltd and White Sands Petroleum Ltd. Mr Clarke holds a Bachelor of Commerce and is a Chartered Accountant.


KEITH HARDING :: CLINICAL ADVISOR TO THE BOARD
MB, MRCGP, FRCS

Professor Harding graduated in medicine from the University of Birmingham. He is trained in general surgery and in family medicine and has a longstanding interest in wound healing. As Clinical Director of the Wound Healing Research Unit, he is currently Head of the Department of Surgery and Professor of Rehabilitation Medicine (Wound Healing).

He specialises in treating patients with wound healing problems and has authored over 250 publications and written a number of text books on wound healing that are widely considered to be definitive clinical reference books.

Professor Harding was the First President of the European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel, First Recorder of the European Wound Management Association and is currently President of the European Tissue Repair Society.

As well as conducting his own research, Professor Harding has managed a large number of large wound treatment clinical trials for large international companies and is often invited to lecture on wound management at scientific and clinical meetings.

 


MEL BRIDGES :: NON-EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
BSc (Chemistry), FAICD
Mr Bridges has extensive experience as a CEO and Company Director in healthcare, agricultural technology, drug development, pathology, diagnostics and medical devices.


Has successfully raised in excess of $300M investment capital in the healthcare/biotech sector and been directly involved in over $1B in merger and acquisition and related transactions.

Mr Bridges is current or past Chairman of Alchemia Limited and ImpediMed Limited, Director of Benitec Limited, Campbell Brothers Limited and Genera Biosystems Limited.


DR CHERRELL HIRST AO :: NON-EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
 

MBBS, BEd Studies, FAICD, PhD (Honorary, QUT, Griffith and Southern Cross Universities)

Dr Hirst has had a distinguished clinical career in the detection and treatment of breast cancer and extensive and respected achievements as Director and Chair of multiple commercial, government and not-for-profit organisations.

She is Deputy Chair and CEO (part time) of Queensland Biocapital Funds and a Director of Medibank Private Limited, Avant Mutual Group, Avant Insurance Limited, Impedimed Limited and Xenome Limited.



ROBERT BAXTER :: SCIENTIFIC ADVISOR TO THE BOARDPhD (Biochemistry, Sydney), DSc (Sydney), FAACB, FAA


Professor Baxter is Director of the Kolling Institute of Medical Research at the Royal North Shore Hospital in Sydney and a professor in the departments of Medicine and Molecular & Microbial Biosciences at the University of Sydney.

Professor Baxter is a leading expert in proteins that regulate cell growth and metabolism, the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and their binding proteins.

These are essential for normal body growth but are also important in the abnormal growth of some cancers. He was the first to identify several of these proteins and to devise methods of measuring them.

At the Kolling Institute, Professor Baxter is Head of the Hormones & Cancer Group which is among the leading groups internationally studying the endocrinology and cell biology of the IGFs and their binding proteins. Professor Baxter has led successful R&D programs involving the application of IGFs in diagnostic tests, critical illness, pregnancy, nonpancreatic tumour hypoglycaemia, cancer cell biology and cell signalling, cancer cell apoptosis, and the use of serum and tissue proteomics in understanding cellular mechanisms of cancer and identifying new biomarkers for diagnostic development.

Professor Baxter has authored more than twenty book chapters, and over 250 refereed papers. He is on the Executive Committee of the International Society for IGF Research, was awarded the prestigious Ramaciotti Medal for Excellence in Biomedical Research in 2002, and was elected as a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science in 2004.



Nine reasons to look at Tissue Therapies

By Bell Potter's Biotech expert, Stuart Roberts - April 2012..


The market for diabetic and venous ulcers is large.
In the US alone there are an estimated 3 million people with diabetic ulcers and another 1.4 million with venous ulcers. These undertreated patient populations are growing rapidly due to an ageing
population and the high incidence of diabetes in the population. We see other markets are being similarly sized or larger in terms of prevalence.
The data for VitroGro has been superb.
In its European registration trial, out of 44 difficult-to-treat venous ulcer patients, 34% had complete healing and another 43% had >90% healing at 12 weeks. In total 82% were completely or partially healed. The average reduction in ulcer area was 56%. Previously these ulcers had not responded
to an average 36 months of ‘standard of care’ treatment. VitroGro’s superb numbers are likely to attract significant commercial interest once the product is approved for sale in Europe.

VitroGro is about to launch in Europe.
Tissue Therapies have filed for CE Mark approval for the sale of VitroGro, expected to be granted in Q2/2012. The product will be marketed in Europe under a ‘sales partnership’ with Quintiles, a large US company (US$3.2bn pa in revenue) which often provides contract sales force services for pharma companies. This partnership will allow effective mid-double digit royalty to Tissue Therapies.

There is potential for a future licensing deal on VitroGro.
The Quintiles deal allows some flexibility on future licensing arrangements for Europe as well as the US and we expect that the current sales arrangement bolsters the chance for a strong US licensing featuring upfronts and milestone payments.

US approval for VitroGro is expected by 2015.
In the US two clinical trials are expected to initiate during 2012 – one in venous ulcers (270-300 patients) and one in diabetic ulcers (380 patients) – putting the product on track for FDA approval in 2015. Obviously the US market will be a key one for VitroGro given the large US patient populations and favourable product pricing.

There is a pipeline of opportunities for VitroGro.
After the ulcer dressing opportunity, there is also the potential for Tissue Therapies to gain usage of VitroGro in burns, as a surgical wound application, and for sunburn management. All these could considerably enlarge the VictroGro ‘franchise’ but are at an early stage.

Tissue Therapies has good management.
CEO Dr Steven Mercer has a good strategic understanding of the wound care business, having been a mid-level executive with market leader Smith & Nephew for many years. He has guided Tissue
Therapies through early pre-clinical and then clinical work since joining the company in 2004. We think he has the commercial smarts to take VitroGro further forward.

The Quintiles deal has created a buying opportunity.
Tissues Therapies stock was marked down following the November 2011 announcement of the Quintiles partnership. The arrangement with Quintiles, which featured no formal licensing but
basically represents Tissue Therapies hiring Quintiles’ sales force, puzzled many followers of the company, who were expecting a conventional deal for VitroGro with upfronts, milestones and royalties. We think this has created a buying opportunity.

Tissue Therapies is undervalued on our numbers.
We value Tissue Therapies at $0.95 per share base case and $1.40 per share optimistic case using a DCF valuation of VitroGro, diluted for a future A$20m equity raising that would fund US trials of the product and European commercialisation. Our target price of $1.20 per share sits at around the midpoint of our DCF range. We expect that EMA approval followed by the Quintiles launch can lead to a re-rating of Tissue Therapies to our target price.

Communication 
Information presented in this post has been obtained through publicly available sources. The opinion of the author is in no way to be considered as investment advice. The author may be holding a position in the stock being discussed, but will always endeavor to disclose such information. The author makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of information posted on this site, and always encourages the reader to follow up and further research any information which may be obtained for the purpose of forming ones own  investment decisions

TED Talks



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Justin Hall-Tipping: Freeing energy from the grid

Justin Hall-Tipping works on nano-energy startups -- mastering the electron to create power.


Why can't we solve these problems?We know what they are.Something always seems to stop us.Why?I remember March the 15th, 2000.The B15 iceberg broke off the Ross Ice Shelf.In the newspaper it said"it was all part of a normal process."A little bit further on in the articleit said "a loss that would normally takethe ice shelf 50-100 years to replace."That same word, "normal," had two different,almost opposite meanings.

If we walk into the B15 icebergwhen we leave here today,we're going to bump into somethinga thousand feet tall,76 miles long,17 miles wide,and it's going to weigh two gigatons.I'm sorry, there's nothing normal about this.And yet I think it's this perspective of us as humans to look at our worldthrough the lens of normalis one of the forcesthat stops us developing real solutions.Only 90 days after this,arguably the greatest discoveryof the last century occurred.It was the sequencing for the first timeof the human genome.This is the code that's in every single oneof our 50 trillion cellsthat makes us who we are and what we are.And if we just take one cell's worthof this code and unwind it,it's a meter long,two nanometers thick.Two nanometers is 20 atoms in thickness.

And I wondered, what if the answer to some of our biggest problemscould be found in the smallest of places,where the difference between what isvaluable and what is worthlessis merely the addition or subtractionof a few atoms?And what if we could get exquisite controlover the essence of energy,the electron?So I started to go around the worldfinding the best and brightest scientistsI could at universitieswhose collective discoveries have the chanceto take us there,and we formed a company to buildon their extraordinary ideas.

Six and a half years later,a hundred and eighty researchers,they have some amazing developmentsin the lab,and I will show you three of those today,such that we can stop burning up our planetand instead,we can generate all the energy we needright where we are,cleanly, safely, and cheaply.Think of the space that we spendmost of our time.A tremendous amount of energyis coming at us from the sun.We like the light that comes into the room,but in the middle of summer,all that heat is coming into the roomthat we're trying to keep cool.In winter, exactly the opposite is happening.We're trying to heat upthe space that we're in,and all that is trying to get out through the window.

Wouldn't it be really greatif the window could flick back the heat into the room if we needed itor flick it away before it came in?One of the materials that can do thisis a remarkable material, carbon,that has changed its form in this incredibly beautiful reactionwhere graphite is blasted by a vapor,and when the vaporized carbon condenses,it condenses back into a different form:chickenwire rolled up.But this chickenwire carbon,called a carbon nanotube,is a hundred thousand times smallerthan the width of one of your hairs.It's a thousand timesmore conductive than copper.How is that possible?One of the things about working at the nanoscaleis things look and act very differently.You think of carbon as black.Carbon at the nanoscaleis actually transparentand flexible.And when it's in this form,if I combine it with a polymerand affix it to your windowwhen it's in its colored state,it will reflect away all heat and light,and when it's in its bleached stateit will let all the light and heat throughand any combination in between.To change its state, by the way,takes two volts from a millisecond pulse.And once you've changed its state, it stays thereuntil you change its state again.

As we were working on this incredible discovery at University of Florida,we were told to go down the corridorto visit another scientist,and he was workingon a pretty incredible thing.Imagine if we didn't have to relyon artificial lighting to get around at night.We'd have to see at night, right?This lets you do it.It's a nanomaterial, two nanomaterials,a detector and an imager.The total width of itis 600 times smallerthan the width of a decimal place.And it takes all the infrared available at night,converts it into an electronin the space of two small films,and is enabling you to play an imagewhich you can see through.I'm going to show to TEDsters,the first time, this operating.Firstly I'm going to show youthe transparency.Transparency is key.It's a film that you can look through.And then I'm going to turn the lights out.And you can see, off a tiny film,incredible clarity.

As we were working on this, it dawned on us:this is taking infrared radiation, wavelengths,and converting it into electrons.What if we combined itwith this?Suddenly you've converted energyinto an electron on a plastic surfacethat you can stick on your window.But because it's flexible,it can be on any surface whatsoever.The power plant of tomorrowis no power plant.We talked about generating and using.We want to talk about storing energy,and unfortunatelythe best thing we've got goingis something that was developed in Francea hundred and fifty years ago,the lead acid battery.In terms of dollars per what's stored,it's simply the best.

Knowing that we're not going to put fifty ofthese in our basements to store our power,we went to a group at University of Texas at Dallas,and we gave them this diagram.It was in actually a dineroutside of Dallas/Fort Worth Airport.We said, "Could you build this?"And these scientists,instead of laughing at us, said, "Yeah."And what they built was eBox.EBox is testing new nanomaterialsto park an electron on the outside,hold it until you need it,and then be able to release it and pass it off.Being able to do that meansthat I can generate energycleanly, efficiently and cheaplyright where I am.It's my energy.And if I don't need it, I can convert itback up on the windowto energy, light, and beam it,line of site, to your place.And for that I do not needan electric grid between us.

The grid of tomorrow is no grid, and energy, clean efficient energy,will one day be free.If you do this, you get the last puzzle piece,which is water.Each of us, every day,need just eight glasses of this,because we're human.When we run out of water,as we are in some parts of the worldand soon to be in other parts of the world,we're going to have to get this from the sea,and that's going to require us to build desalination plants.19 trillion dollars is what we're going to have to spend.These also require tremendous amounts of energy.In fact, it's going to require twice the world'ssupply of oil to run the pumpsto generate the water.We're simply not going to do that.But in a world where energy is freedand transmittableeasily and cheaply, we can take any waterwherever we areand turn it into whatever we need.

I'm glad to be working withincredibly brilliant and kind scientists,no kinder thanmany of the people in the world,but they have a magic look at the world.And I'm glad to see their discoveriescoming out of the lab and into the world.It's been a long time in coming for me.18 years ago,I saw a photograph in the paper.It was taken by Kevin Carterwho went to the Sudanto document their famine there.I've carried this photograph with meevery day since then.It's a picture of a little girl dying of thirst.By any standard this is wrong.It's just wrong.We can do better than this.We should do better than this.
And whenever I go roundto somebody who says,"You know what, you're working on something that's too difficult.It'll never happen. You don't have enough money.You don't have enough time.There's something much more interesting around the corner,"I say, "Try saying that to her."That's what I say in my mind. And I just say"thank you," and I go on to the next one.This is why we have to solve our problems,and I know the answer as to howis to be able to get exquisite controlover a building block of nature,the stuff of life:the simple electron.
Thank you.


Juan Enriquez: Will our kids be a different species?



“Since the 1940s, we've been saying there are no differences, we [humans] are all identical. We're going to know at year end if that is true.”

A broad thinker who studies the intersection of science, business and society, Juan Enriquez has a talent for bridging disciplines to build a coherent look ahead. Enriquez was the founding director of the Harvard Business School Life Sciences Project, and has published widely on topics from the technical (global nucleotide data flow) to the sociological (gene research and national competitiveness), and was a member of Celera Genomics founder Craig Venter's marine-based team to collect genetic data from the world's oceans.
Formerly CEO of Mexico City's Urban Development Corporation and chief of staff for Mexico's secretary of state, Enriquez played a role in reforming Mexico's domestic policy and helped negotiate a cease-fire with Zapatista rebels. He is a Managing Director at Excel Medical Ventures, a life sciences venture capital firm, and the chair and CEO of Biotechonomy, a research and investment firm helping to fund new genomics firms. The Untied States of America looks at the forces threatening America's future as a unified country.
In his TED Book, Homo Evolutis (written with Steve Gullens), Enriquez explores the far reaches of human change, and asks: Are we done evolving?



Paddy Ashdown: The global power shift




But what Housman understood,and you hear it in the symphonies of Nielsen too,was that the long, hot, silvan summersof stability of the 19th centurywere coming to a close,and that we were about to moveinto one of those terrifying periods of historywhen power changes.And these are always periods, ladies and gentlemen,accompanied by turbulence,and all too often by blood.

And my message for youis that I believe we are condemned, if you like,to live at just one of those moments in historywhen the gimbals upon whichthe established order of power is beginning to changeand the new look of the world,the new powers that exist in the world,are beginning to take form.And these are -- and we see it very clearly today --nearly always highly turbulent times, highly difficult times,and all too often very bloody times.By the way, it happens about once every century.
You might argue that the last time it happened --and that's what Housman felt coming and what Churchill felt too --was that when power passed from the old nations,the old powers of Europe,across the Atlantic to the new emerging powerof the United States of America --the beginning of the American century.And of course, into the vacuumwhere the too-old European powers used to bewere played the two bloody catastrophesof the last century --the one in the first part and the one in the second part: the two great World Wars.Mao Zedong used to refer to them as the European civil wars,and it's probably a more accurate way of describing them.

Well, ladies and gentlemen,we live at one of those times.But for us, I want to talk about three factors today.And the first of these, the first two of these,is about a shift in power.And the second is about some new dimension which I want to refer to,which has never quite happened in the way it's happening now.But let's talk about the shifts of power that are occurring to the world.And what is happening todayis, in one sense, frighteningbecause it's never happened before.We have seen lateral shifts of power --the power of Greece passed to Romeand the power shifts that occurredduring the European civilizations --but we are seeing something slightly different.For power is not just moving laterallyfrom nation to nation.It's also moving vertically.

What's happening today is that the power that was encased,held to accountability, held to the rule of law,within the institution of the nation statehas now migrated in very large measure onto the global stage.The globalization of power --we talk about the globalization of markets,but actually it's the globalization of real power.And where, at the nation state levelthat power is held to accountabilitysubject to the rule of law,on the international stage it is not.The international stage and the global stage where power now resides:the power of the Internet, the power of the satellite broadcasters,the power of the money changers --this vast money-go-roundthat circulates now 32 times the amount of money necessaryfor the trade it's supposed to be there to finance --the money changers, if you like,the financial speculatorsthat have brought us all to our knees quite recently,the power of the multinational corporationsnow developing budgetsoften bigger than medium-sized countries.These live in a global spacewhich is largely unregulated,not subject to the rule of law,and in which people may act free of constraint.

Now that suits the powerfulup to a moment.It's always suitable for those who have the most powerto operate in spaces without constraint,but the lesson of history is that, sooner or later,unregulated space --space not subject to the rule of law --becomes populated, not just by the things you wanted --international trade, the Internet, etc. --but also by the things you don't want --international criminality, international terrorism.The revelation of 9/11is that even if you are the most powerful nation on earth,nevertheless,those who inhabit that space can attack youeven in your most iconic of citiesone bright September morning.It's said that something like 60 percentof the four million dollars that was taken to fund 9/11actually passed through the institutions of the Twin Towerswhich 9/11 destroyed.You see, our enemies also use this space --the space of mass travel, the Internet, satellite broadcasters --to be able to get around their poison,which is about destroying our systems and our ways.

Sooner or later,sooner or later,the rule of historyis that where power goesgovernance must follow.And if it is therefore the case, as I believe it is,that one of the phenomenon of our timeis the globalization of power,then it follows that one of the challenges of our timeis to bring governance to the global space.And I believe that the decades ahead of us nowwill be to a greater or lesser extent turbulentthe more or less we are able to achieve that aim:to bring governance to the global space.
Now notice, I'm not talking about government.I'm not talking about setting upsome global democratic institution.My own view, by the way, ladies and gentlemen,is that this is unlikely to be doneby spawning more U.N. institutions.If we didn't have the U.N., we'd have to invent it.The world needs an international forum.It needs a means by which you can legitimize international action.But when it comes to governance of the global space,my guess is this won't happenthrough the creation of more U.N. institutions.It will actually happen by the powerful coming togetherand making treaty-based systems,treaty-based agreements,to govern that global space.

And if you look, you can see them happening, already beginning to emerge.The World Trade Organization: treaty-based organization,entirely treaty-based,and yet, powerful enough to hold even the most powerful, the United States,to account if necessary.Kyoto: the beginnings of struggling to createa treaty-based organization.The G20:we know now that we have to put together an institutionwhich is capable of bringing governanceto that financial space for financial speculation.And that's what the G20 is, a treaty-based institution.

Now there's a problem there,and we'll come back to it in a minute,which is that if you bring the most powerful togetherto make the rules in treaty-based institutions,to fill that governance space,then what happens to the weak who are left out?And that's a big problem,and we'll return to it in just a second.
So there's my first message,that if you are to pass through these turbulent timesmore or less turbulently,then our success in doing thatwill in large measure depend on our capacityto bring sensible governanceto the global space.And watch that beginning to happen.My second point is,and I know I don't have to talk to an audience like thisabout such a thing,but power is not just shifting vertically,it's also shifting horizontally.

You might argue that the story, the history of civilizations,has been civilizations gathered around seas --with the first ones around the Mediterranean,the more recent ones in the ascendents of Western power around the Atlantic.Well it seems to methat we're now seeing a fundamental shift of power, broadly speaking,away from nations gathered around the Atlantic [seaboard]to the nations gathered around the Pacific rim.Now that begins with economic power,but that's the way it always begins.You already begin to see the development of foreign policies,the augmentation of military budgetsoccurring in the other growing powers in the world.I think actuallythis is not so much a shift from the West to the East;something different is happening.

My guess is, for what it's worth,is that the United States will remainthe most powerful nation on earthfor the next 10 years, 15,but the context in which she holds her powerhas now radically altered; it has radically changed.We are coming out of 50 years,most unusual years, of historyin which we have had a totally mono-polar world,in which every compass needlefor or againsthas to be referenced by its position to Washington --a world bestrode by a single colossus.But that's not a usual case in history.In fact, what's now emergingis the much more normal case of history.You're beginning to see the emergenceof a multi-polar world.

Up until now,the United States has been the dominant feature of our world.They will remain the most powerful nation,but they will be the most powerful nationin an increasingly multi-polar world.And you begin to see the alternative centers of power building up --in China, of course,though my own guess is that China's ascent to greatness is not smooth.It's going to be quite grumpyas China begins to democratize her societyafter liberalizing her economy.But that's a subject of a different discussion.You see India, you see Brazil.You see increasinglythat the world now looks actually, for us Europeans,much more like Europe in the 19th century.

Europe in the 19th century:a great British foreign secretary, Lord Canning,used to describe it as the "European concert of powers."There was a balance, a five-sided balance.Britain always played to the balance.If Paris got together with Berlin,Britain got together with Vienna and Rome to provide a counterbalance.Now notice,in a period which is dominated by a mono-polar world,you have fixed alliances --NATO, the Warsaw Pact.A fixed polarity of powermeans fixed alliances.But a multiple polarity of powermeans shifting and changing alliances.And that's the world we're coming into,in which we will increasingly seethat our alliances are not fixed.Canning, the great British foreign secretary once said,"Britain has a common interest,but no common allies."And we will see increasinglythat even we in the Westwill reach out, have to reach out,beyond the cozy circle of the Atlantic powersto make alliances with othersif we want to get things done in the world.

Note, that when we went into Libya,it was not good enough for the West to do it alone;we had to bring others in.We had to bring, in this case, the Arab League in.My guess is Iraq and Afghanistan are the last timeswhen the West has tried to do it themselves,and we haven't succeeded.My guessis that we're reaching the beginning of the end of 400 years --I say 400 years because it's the end of the Ottoman Empire --of the hegemony of Western power,Western institutions and Western values.You know, up until now, if the West got its act together,it could propose and disposein every corner of the world.But that's no longer true.Take the last financial crisisafter the Second World War.The West got together --the Bretton Woods Institution, World Bank, International Monetary Fund --the problem solved.Now we have to call in others.Now we have to create the G20.Now we have to reach beyond the cozy circleof our Western friends.

Let me make a prediction for you,which is probably even more startling.I suspect we are now reaching the endof 400 yearswhen Western power was enough.People say to me, "The Chinese, of course,they'll never get themselves involvedin peace-making, multilateral peace-making around the world."Oh yes? Why not?How many Chinese troopsare serving under the blue beret, serving under the blue flag,serving under the U.N. command in the world today?3,700.How many Americans? 11.What is the largest naval contingenttackling the issue of Somali pirates?The Chinese naval contingent.Of course they are, they are a mercantilist nation.They want to keep the sea lanes open.Increasingly, we are going to have to do businesswith people with whom we do not share values,but with whom, for the moment, we share common interests.It's a whole new different wayof looking at the world that is now emerging.

And here's the third factor,which is totally different.Today in our modern world,because of the Internet,because of the kinds of things people have been talking about here,everything is connected to everything.We are now interdependent.We are now interlocked,as nations, as individuals,in a way which has never been the case before,never been the case before.The interrelationship of nations,well it's always existed.Diplomacy is about managing the interrelationship of nations.But now we are intimately locked together.You get swine flu in Mexico,it's a problem for Charles de Gaulle Airport24 hours later.Lehman Brothers goes down, the whole lot collapses.There are fires in the steppes of Russia,food riots in Africa.

We are all now deeply, deeply, deeply interconnected.And what that meansis the idea of a nation state acting alone,not connected with others,not working with others,is no longer a viable proposition.Because the actions of a nation stateare neither confined to itself,nor is it sufficient for the nation state itselfto control its own territory,because the effects outside the nation stateare now beginning to affect what happens inside them.

I was a young soldierin the last of the small empire wars of Britain.At that time, the defense of my countrywas about one thing and one thing only:how strong was our army, how strong was our air force,how strong was our navy and how strong were our allies.That was when the enemy was outside the walls.Now the enemy is inside the walls.Now if I want to talk about the defense of my country,I have to speak to the Minister of Healthbecause pandemic disease is a threat to my security,I have to speak to the Minister of Agriculturebecause food security is a threat to my security,I have to speak to the Minister of Industrybecause the fragility of our hi-tech infrastructureis now a point of attack for our enemies --as we see from cyber warfare --I have to speak to the Minister of Home Affairsbecause who has entered my country,who lives in that terraced house in that inner cityhas a direct effect on what happens in my country --as we in London saw in the 7/7 bombings.It's no longer the case that the security of a countryis simply a matter for its soldiers and its ministry of defense.It's its capacity to lock together its institutions.

And this tells you something very important.It tells you that, in fact,our governments, vertically constructed,constructed on the economic model of the Industrial Revolution --vertical hierarchy, specialization of tasks,command structures --have got the wrong structures completely.You in business knowthat the paradigm structure of our time, ladies and gentlemen,is the network.It's your capacity to network that matters,both within your governments and externally.
So here is Ashdown's third law.By the way, don't ask me about Ashdown's first law and second lawbecause I haven't invented those yet;it always sounds better if there's a third law, doesn't it?Ashdown's third law is that in the modern age,where everything is connected to everything,the most important thing about what you can dois what you can do with others.The most important bit about your structure --whether you're a government, whether you're an army regiment,whether you're a business --is your docking points, your interconnectors,your capacity to network with others.You understand that in industry;governments don't.

But now one final thing.If it is the case, ladies and gentlemen -- and it is --that we are now locked togetherin a way that has never been quite the same before,then it's also the case that we share a destiny with each other.Suddenly and for the very first time,collective defense, the thing that has dominated usas the concept of securing our nations,is no longer enough.It used to be the casethat if my tribe was more powerful than their tribe, I was safe;if my country was more powerful than their country, I was safe;my alliance, like NATO, was more powerful than their alliance, I was safe.It is no longer the case.The advent of the interconnectednessand of the weapons of mass destructionmeans that, increasingly,I share a destiny with my enemy.

When I was a diplomatnegotiating the disarmament treaties with the Soviet Unionin Geneva in the 1970s,we succeeded because we understoodwe shared a destiny with them.Collective security is not enough.Peace has come to Northern Irelandbecause both sides realized that the zero-sum game couldn't work.They shared a destiny with their enemies.One of the great barriers to peace in the Middle Eastis that both sides, both Israel and, I think, the Palestinians,do not understandthat they share a collective destiny.And so suddenly, ladies and gentlemen,what has been the propositionof visionaries and poets down the agesbecomes something we have to take seriouslyas a matter of public policy.

I started with a poem, I'll end with one.The great poem of John Donne's."Send not for whom the bell tolls."The poem is called "No Man is an Island."And it goes:"Every man's death affected me,for I am involved in mankind,send not to askfor whom the bell tolls,it tolls for thee."For John Donne, a recommendation of morality.For us, I think,part of the equation for our survival.
Thank you very much.



David MacKay: A reality check on renewables




David MacKay is a professor of Natural Philosophy in the Physics department at the University of Cambridge and chief scientific adviser to the UK Department of Energy and Climate Change. He received a degree in Experimental and Theoretical Physics from Trinity College and a PhD. in Computation and Neural Systems as a Fulbright Scholar at Caltech. In 1992, MacKay was made the Royal Society Smithson Research Fellow at Darwin College at University of Cambridge and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in May 2009. He has also taught at the African Institute for Mathematical Sciences in Cape Town. In 2003, his book Information Theory, Inference, and Learning Algorithms was published and, in 2008, he self-published Sustainable Energy — Without the Hot Air. Both books are fully available for free online.